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We do it dozens of times a day without a second thought.

It is the ultimate universal language, a basic human reflex and a staple of everyday polite conversation.

But beneath the simple act of turning up the corners of your mouth lies a fascinating web of psychological triggers, biological hacks and social superpowers.

These nine studies reveal just how powerful a simple smile can be: from how it influences others to how we think and feel ourselves.

Humans are natural imitators.

Psychologists call it the ‘chameleon effect’: our unconscious tendency to copy the behaviours, emotions and habits of the people around us.

Classic experiments have found that people automatically mimic the gestures and mannerisms of complete strangers they have only just met — from smiling and face-touching to subtle movements like foot waggling.

We do it instinctively, partly to fit in and strengthen social bonds.

But research suggests this tendency goes far deeper than simple mimicry.

The 15 studies below reveal how emotions, behaviours, attitudes and even personality traits can spread from person to person in surprisingly powerful ways — often without anyone realising it is happening.