Psychology - Page 30 of 54

3 Reasons Life is Worth Living From Positive Psychology

For decades psychologists were almost exclusively concerned with alleviating mental distress.

For decades psychologists were almost exclusively concerned with alleviating mental distress. No bad thing of course – psychological knowledge has contributed to great strides in the treatment and understanding of mental illness. But to only study pathology, damage and weakness in humanity is to leave out half the picture. What about human strengths, human virtues and human excellence – surely these are worth studying too?

In the last few decades the positive psychology movement has recognised this need for research into what makes us happy, what makes us excel and how these things might be enhanced. Acknowledging this important movement, over the coming weeks PsyBlog will be looking at some of the research emerging from this area. We start with three reasons life is worth living to whet your appetite.

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Soviet Psychiatry | Miserable Middle-Aged Men | Satisfied Hairdressers | Jury Psychology

The Telegraph has a story suggesting the Russian psychiatric system may be returning to the abusive practices common during Soviet times.

This week, from my psychology notebook…

Soviet psychiatry

The Telegraph has a story suggesting the Russian psychiatric system may be returning to the abusive practices common during Soviet times. The article, called ‘Labelled mad for daring to criticise the Kremlin‘, tells the story of Larisa Arap who has been forcibly treated after publicising systematic abuses of patients at a clinic where she has been held. The Telegraph’s leader column goes on to say:

“Things are different in modern Russia, where, as we report in horrifying detail today, it takes only modest influence to secure the incarceration and chemical torture of a business rival, wealthy relative or prosecution witness, and where the sectioning of citizens hostile to the Kremlin seems set to become once more a fact of political life.”

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Does ‘Peer Review’ Mean Anything to You?

A discussion about ‘peer review’ suggesting science bloggers should use an icon to indicate when they are discussing peer reviewed research.

[Photo by marinegirl]

A new website, bpr3.org, has been set up to highlight peer reviewed research – the process by which academics check each other’s work.

A discussion about ‘peer review’ is ongoing over at Cognitive Daily suggesting science bloggers should use an icon to indicate when they are discussing peer reviewed research. Peer review is simply the system academics use for checking each other’s work. Before research is published in peer reviewed journals it gets sent to other experts in the field to be checked. Peer review is seen as the academic gold standard.

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Effectiveness of Mutual Support Groups

In stressful times we can all do with a little help from our friends.

In stressful times we can all do with a little help from our friends. Sometimes, though, our friends cannot provide – or we do not want to ask for – the kind of support required. Mutual support groups based around shared topics such as cancer or addictions have grown rapidly to meet this need. But, can mutual support groups really help people recover from mental health problems? A small but growing body of research suggests they can.

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How the Mind Works by Steven Pinker (Book Review)

Right from the outset Steven Pinker, a Professor of Psychology at Harvard University, is apologising for the title of his book: ‘How the Mind Works’.

Right from the outset Steven Pinker, a Professor of Psychology at Harvard University, is apologising for the title of his book: ‘How the Mind Works’. We do not yet know how the mind works, he explains. The ideas contained in his book are not, he admits, his own but culled from various other fields. But this is rather false modesty as reading on it soon becomes clear Pinker does indeed intend to tell us how the mind works, albeit one particular version.

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The Man Who Mistook His Wife For A Hat by Oliver Sacks (Review)

One book almost everyone interested in psychology will enjoy is Oliver Sack’s ‘The Man Who Mistook His Wife For a Hat’.

It’s the centrality of human experience that makes this book such a rewarding and touching read.

One book almost everyone interested in psychology will enjoy is Oliver Sack’s ‘The Man Who Mistook His Wife For a Hat‘. Sacks, a neurologist by training, describes some of the fascinating patients he has treated over the years. From the eponymous Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat, through The Man Who Fell out of Bed, The Lost Mariner and The Dog Beneath the Skin, each chapter tells the story of ordinary human experience touched by unusual brain diseases.

Mercifully the narrative is devoid of medical terminology as what Sacks is most interested in is the patient’s perspective on the world. As a result the reader gains personal, subjective insight into the inability to recognise objects (visual agnosia), the experience of a dense amnesia stretching back decades (Korsakov’s), what it feels like to be completely disembodied and many other conditions.

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Group Therapy Online | Eye Movement Coupling | Macho Men Still Untrustworthy

Can group therapy work over the internet? A new study published in Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics suggests it can be useful in some circumstances.

Can group therapy work over the internet? A new study published in Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics suggests it can be useful in some circumstances. Golkaramnay et al. (2007) examined its effectiveness on those who had been discharged after receiving inpatient care. The research aimed to find out if gains made during intensive inpatient care could be maintained once patients had been discharged.

The controlled study, carried out over 15 weeks, had a group meeting online for 90 minutes each week to participate in group internet chat therapy. Twelve months after discharge, patients were at a lower risk of a negative outcome compared to the control group (24.7% versus 38.5%).

This looks like an extremely cost-effective way of improving outpatient care. However, it does mean that patients need to be familiar and comfortable with internet chat, which may not be for everybody.

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‘Good’ Wine Increases Food Consumption by 12%

If I give you a glass of wine, telling you to expect a taste-explosion, unless you’re an expert, you’re likely to experience it as being tastier.

Our expectations about the world have all sorts of knock-on effects for how we behave. Take something as simple as eating and drinking. If I give you a glass of wine, telling you to expect a taste-explosion, unless you’re an expert, you’re likely to experience it as being tastier than if I told you it was some cheap rancid rubbish I had lying around.

Not only that, this expectation might well be passed on to other aspects of your behaviour, such as the amount of accompanying food you eat. Don’t believe me? Check out this experiment by Wansink, Payne and North (2007).

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Why Academics Hide in Ivory Towers

How do people with no training and little exposure to psychological science view the work of academics and researchers?

In a recent post I asked ‘What is the point of psychology?‘ – a question to which you had some great responses. These responses reminded me that what can seem like a simple question of psychology can elicit a fairly complicated answer. Which sent me back to wondering how people with no training and little exposure to psychological science view the work of academics and researchers.

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237 Reasons For Sex | Vegansexuals | Toilet Seats | Encephalon 28

The authors then boiled these down to four general categories: physical, goal attainment, emotional and insecurity.

Here’s a guaranteed way of getting your study covered, well, everywhere: make sure it includes 237 reasons why people have sex. The authors then boiled these down to four general categories: physical (“beautiful eyes”), goal attainment (“for a bet”), emotional (“to communicate on a deeper level”) and insecurity (“duty”).

And, as if 237 wasn’t enough, the New York Times add a few of their own:

“…nowhere among the 237 reasons will you find the one attributed to the actress Joan Crawford: “I need sex for a clear complexion.” (The closest is “I thought it would make me feel healthy.”) Nor will you find anything about gathering rosebuds while ye may (the 17th-century exhortation to young virgins from Robert Herrick). Nor the similar hurry-before-we-die rationale (“The grave’s a fine and private place/ But none I think do there embrace”) from Andrew Marvell in “To His Coy Mistress.””

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