Chemicals that may cause a drop in children’s IQ are in products all around our houses.
Children exposed prenatally to high levels of phthalates — commonly used in plastics and scented products — have IQ levels seven points lower than those exposed to low levels, a new study finds.
The study is the first to find a connection between phthalate exposure during pregnancy and reduced IQ in children.
The 328 women and their children in the study were from low-income communities in New York City.
Researchers at Columbia University’s Mailman School of Public Health measured levels of four common phthalates, including di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) and di-isobutyl phthalate (DiBP), during pregnancy (Factor-Litvak et al., 2014).
The children were given an IQ test at 7-years-old.
The results, published in the journal PLoS ONE, showed that children who were in the top 25% for exposure to two particular phthalates (DnBP and DiBP) had IQs around 7 points lower than those who were in the bottom 25% for exposure.
Professor Robin Whyatt, one of the study’s senior authors, said:
“The magnitude of these IQ differences is troubling.
A six- or seven-point decline in IQ may have substantial consequences for academic achievement and occupational potential.”
The researchers controlled statistically for other factors that influence children’s IQ, such as maternal IQ and education as well as the home environment.
Avoiding phthalates
While it is impossible to avoid phthalates completely, they are found in these common products, amongst others:
- Hairspray.
- Plastic containers used for microwaving food.
- Lipstick.
- Air fresheners.
- Dryer sheets.
- Nail polish.
- Some soaps.
- Recycled plastics labelled 3,6 or 7.
Dr. Pam Factor-Litvak, who led the study, said:
“Pregnant women across the United States are exposed to phthalates almost daily, many at levels similar to those that we found were associated with substantial reductions in the IQ of children.
While there has been some regulation to ban phthalates from toys of young children, there is no legislation governing exposure during pregnancy, which is likely the most sensitive period for brain development.
Indeed, phthalates are not required to be on product labeling.”
